Here's a list of terms that you're probably going to run into either during your research in the offseason or during the season itself.  While not exhaustive, or in any particular order, this list will certainly give you a leg up in understanding the world of fantasy football.

Snake Draft - See previous post.

Auction Draft - See previous post. 

Handcuff - The backup player of a starter with known injury risks.

Keeper League - A league that spans multiple years where teams can keep 1 to x number of players.  Usually the number is between 1 and 4.

Dynasty League - A league that spans multiple years where teams can keep whole rosters of players.

PPR - Point Per Reception.  See previous post.

Standard Scoring League.  See previous post.

Fantasy Zombie - A player that once had fantasy value, ceased having fantasy value for an extended period of time (possibly multiple seasons), but now has value again.

Trade Bait - A player that is added to your roster for the sole purpose of drawing trade interest.

Sleeper - A player that has great fantasy potential that is not currently being recognized by many people in the fantasy world.

League Commish - The person who runs your league, sets up rules, collects money and in some cases has trade veto power.

Trade Veto - A trade that has been nullified either by a commish, or by popular vote of the league due to the one-sidedness of the deal.

Waiver Wire - The list of players who are currently not on a team and that can be added at specific points during the week.

Dropping a Player - Releasing a player from your team to open a roster slot.

Fantasy Starter - A player that is currently, not on your bench and whose points will count towards your weeks total score.

Bench Player - A player that is currently on your bench and whose points will not count towards your weeks total score.

Head To Head Match Up - A fantasy football system where your teams plays against a single team each week.  (most common)

Matchup Play - A fantasy player that has short term fantasy value due to the unique circumstances presented by their opponent for that week.